Ardl approach to cointegration in eviews pdf Waikato

IMPACT OF IMPORT AND EXPORT ON GDP OF EGYPT knowledge, this approach is a relatively new addition to the literature. (iii) By using the QARDL approach, this study tests the stability of the long-term such as the Johansen cointegration test and the linear ARDL model. This negative outcome could be explained by the existence of quantile-varying cointegration

Lecture 2 Johansen’s Approach to Cointegration

(PDF) An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modeling Approach. Jul 06, 2012 · Hi, I am new to this forum, I would like to ask you if I can do ARDL approach to cointegration in Eviews. If yes, where can I get instructions or text about how to …, The dynamics of stock market returns and macroeconomic indicators: An ARDL approach with cointegration SEBASTIAN HAQ & RASMUS LARSSON Master of Science Thesis.

Jun 01, 2004 · The paper uses a cointegration technique – the bounds testing approach developed within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework – that has not previously been used to estimate tourism demand models. EViews will then display the ARDL estimation dialog: The Specification tab allows you to specify the variables used in the regression, and whether to let EViews automatically detect the appropriate number of lags for each variable. To begin, enter the name of the dependent variable,

Demand for Money in Nepal: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach 23 revision of the several acts and policies (Shrestha and Chowdhury, 2006). These economic reforms have … Demand for Money in Nepal: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach 23 revision of the several acts and policies (Shrestha and Chowdhury, 2006). These economic reforms have …

determinants of Chinese economic growth. Specifically, the study examines particular policies and variables that contributed to economic growth. Although real Chinese real exports increased by an average annual growth rate of approximately 11 percent from 1978-2014, during the period 2007-2014 they contracted by an average annual rate of 1.5 Introduction ARDL model EC representation Bounds testing Postestimation Further topics Summary Example (continued): Sample depends on lag selection. ardl ln_consump ln_inc ln_inv, aic maxlags(8 8 4) ARDL(2,0,4) regression Sample: 1962q1 - 1982q4 Number of obs = 84 F( 8, 75) = 56976.90 Prob > F = 0.0000 R-squared = 0.9998 Adj R-squared = 0.9998

ARDL investment model of Tunisia 59 59 Organization in 1995 and a free trade zone agreement with the European Union in 1998. In addition, the progressive social policy associated with the free market principles have stimulated raise of the standard of living. Real growth, which Is it possible to use the ARDL approach? Cointegration Test Part 1.pdf 1.09 MB; 11th Nov, 2014 Ozoemena Nwodo ti is simply possible to use eviews 9 in conducting ARDL bound test on ARDL

Table 1 presents summary statistics of the variable-series used in the cointegration analysis undertaken here. It is clear from Table 1 that the variables HEXP, INCOME, AGE, and HRD display an upward trend for the 1960–2012 period under study. All the variable-series show a considerable degree of standard deviation. Furthermore, for all the variable-series, we fail to reject the null May 16, 2017 · AutoRegressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Estimation. Part 3 - Practice In Part 1 and Part 2 of this series, we discussed the theory behind ARDL and the Bounds Test for cointegration. Here, we demonstrate just how easily everything can be done in EViews 9 or higher. I use an ARDL model in eviews and find that the lag of oil is significant. But

study employs specific to general approach and finds that uncertainty and instability, democratic regime and economic growth volatility are negatively related to each other. Hasan et al. (2009) find the relation among development of quality of institutions, deepening … Demand for Money in Nepal: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach 23 revision of the several acts and policies (Shrestha and Chowdhury, 2006). These economic reforms have …

function for Egypt by employing the ARDL approach using the Eviews program. The results from ARDL approach analysis agrees with the hypothesis that Egypt has a long run relationship with export, import demand, economic growth prices of exports and imports, and volatility of an actual effective exchange rate in the market. Therefore, the Table 1 presents summary statistics of the variable-series used in the cointegration analysis undertaken here. It is clear from Table 1 that the variables HEXP, INCOME, AGE, and HRD display an upward trend for the 1960–2012 period under study. All the variable-series show a considerable degree of standard deviation. Furthermore, for all the variable-series, we fail to reject the null

Cointegration: The Engle and Granger approach Introduction Generally one would find most of the economic variables to be non-stationary – I(1) variables. Hence, any equilibrium theories that involve these variables require the existence of a combination of the variables to be stationary. Otherwise, any deviation from equilibrium will not be Jul 06, 2012 · Hi, I am new to this forum, I would like to ask you if I can do ARDL approach to cointegration in Eviews. If yes, where can I get instructions or text about how to …

Advanced Time Series Econometrics with Eviews 3. Forecasting, and Volatility Models with EViews a. Detection of Cointegration Engle-Granger Approach (1987) Johansen Approach (1990) Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach (2001) 31 . Granger Causality Granger (1969): first attempt at testing for the direction of causality Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique or bound cointegration technique.Hence, this study reviews the issues surrounding the way cointegration techniques are applied, estimated and interpreted within the context of ARDL cointegration framework. The study shows that the adoption of the . 1

Apr 03, 2017 · Since we have recently updated ARDL estimation in EViews 9.5, and are in the midst of adding some enhanced features to ARDL for the next version of EViews, EViews 10, we thought we would jot down our own thoughts on the theory and practice of ARDL models, particularly in regard to their use as a cointegration test. My previous posts relating to ARDL models (here and here) have drawn a lot of hits.So, it's great to see that EViews 9 (now in Beta release - see the details here) incorporates an ARDL modelling option, together with the associated "bounds testing". This is a great feature, and I just know that it's going to be a "winner" for EViews.

[Note: For an important update of this post, relating to EViews 9, see my 2015 post, here.] Well, I finally got it done! Some of these posts take more time to prepare than you might think. The first part of this discussion was covered in a (sort of!) recent post, in which I gave a brief description of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models, together with some historical perspective. Jun 01, 2004 · The paper uses a cointegration technique – the bounds testing approach developed within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework – that has not previously been used to estimate tourism demand models.

EViews Help Estimating ARDL Models in EViews

Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration An Examination. This paper investigates the relation among energy production, CO 2 emissions and economic growth of Iran with additional variables such as domestic and foreign investment, inflation, population density and agricultural land. Annual time series data is used for the period …, ARDL Cointegration Test with Stata (Time Series) Pesaran, Shin and Smith (PSS)(2001) developed a new approach to cointegration testing which is applicable irrespective of whether the regressor variables are \(I\left( 0 \right)\),\(I\left( 1 \right)\) or mutually cointegrated..

The Financial Development and Agriculture Growth in Iran

Fiji's Tourism Demand The ARDL Approach to Cointegration. ES30028 – Econometrics 2 1 Lecture 2 – Johansen’s Approach to Cointegration 2.1 Johansen’s Approach to Cointegration Consider two variables, each of which is integrated of order 1: X t ~ I 1 and Y t ~ I 1 Figure 1.1 Now it can be shown that at most there can exist only one cointegrating vector. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cointegration_test ARDL investment model of Tunisia 59 59 Organization in 1995 and a free trade zone agreement with the European Union in 1998. In addition, the progressive social policy associated with the free market principles have stimulated raise of the standard of living. Real growth, which.

Table 1 presents summary statistics of the variable-series used in the cointegration analysis undertaken here. It is clear from Table 1 that the variables HEXP, INCOME, AGE, and HRD display an upward trend for the 1960–2012 period under study. All the variable-series show a considerable degree of standard deviation. Furthermore, for all the variable-series, we fail to reject the null (FDI), trade and economic growth in Tunisia by applying the bounds testing (ARDL) approach to cointegration for the period from 1970 to 2008. The bounds tests suggest that the variables of interest are bound together in the long-run when foreign direct investment is the dependent variable.

involves the Autoregressive Distributed Lags Model (ARDL) and the Bounds Testing approach Pesaran et al. (2001), which has some advantages over conventional cointegration tests when the time series is stationary (I(0)) and/or integrated of order one (I(1)). The main objective is to present a model for This study tries to identify the main determinants of the trade balance in Ethiopia from 1981-2017 by considering ratio of export and import as an approximation to trade balance.. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag under Bounds test approach to cointegration was used for the estimation.

ARDL Cointegration Test with Stata (Time Series) Pesaran, Shin and Smith (PSS)(2001) developed a new approach to cointegration testing which is applicable irrespective of whether the regressor variables are \(I\left( 0 \right)\),\(I\left( 1 \right)\) or mutually cointegrated. Introduction ARDL model EC representation Bounds testing Postestimation Further topics Summary Example (continued): Sample depends on lag selection. ardl ln_consump ln_inc ln_inv, aic maxlags(8 8 4) ARDL(2,0,4) regression Sample: 1962q1 - 1982q4 Number of obs = 84 F( 8, 75) = 56976.90 Prob > F = 0.0000 R-squared = 0.9998 Adj R-squared = 0.9998

This study tries to identify the main determinants of the trade balance in Ethiopia from 1981-2017 by considering ratio of export and import as an approximation to trade balance.. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag under Bounds test approach to cointegration was used for the estimation. Mar 16, 2011 · We use the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration to explore this long-run relationship. Surprisingly, remittances do not appear to be a long-run forcing variable to the explanation of Bangladesh’s output over the same period.

classical approach, similar technology is used in the production and accumulation of capital. Secondly, human capital is increasing the productivity of both labor and capital. In parallel to this definition, Barro [5] has stated that human capital accumulation is an important part of the development process, and this accumulation is si g- Jun 01, 2004 · The paper uses a cointegration technique – the bounds testing approach developed within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework – that has not previously been used to estimate tourism demand models.

This paper investigates the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth in Greece, within a framework that also accounts unemployment rate, using annual data covering the period 1970 to 2017. Several econometric models are applied including the ARDL bound test approach for cointegration as well as ECM-ARDL model for causality. determinants of Chinese economic growth. Specifically, the study examines particular policies and variables that contributed to economic growth. Although real Chinese real exports increased by an average annual growth rate of approximately 11 percent from 1978-2014, during the period 2007-2014 they contracted by an average annual rate of 1.5

EViews will then display the ARDL estimation dialog: The Specification tab allows you to specify the variables used in the regression, and whether to let EViews automatically detect the appropriate number of lags for each variable. To begin, enter the name of the dependent variable, ARDL investment model of Tunisia 59 59 Organization in 1995 and a free trade zone agreement with the European Union in 1998. In addition, the progressive social policy associated with the free market principles have stimulated raise of the standard of living. Real growth, which

N 2 (1995) suggest a panel unit root estimator based on an alternative group mean approach. Based on the relationship between cointegration tests and unit root tests in the conventional single series case, one might be tempted to think that Cointegration: The Engle and Granger approach Introduction Generally one would find most of the economic variables to be non-stationary – I(1) variables. Hence, any equilibrium theories that involve these variables require the existence of a combination of the variables to be stationary. Otherwise, any deviation from equilibrium will not be

cointegration approaches. This study used recent and advanced approach to test whether long run relationship between the variables exists or not by applying autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) bounds testing approach developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) because of its numerous advantages. Apr 03, 2017 · Since we have recently updated ARDL estimation in EViews 9.5, and are in the midst of adding some enhanced features to ARDL for the next version of EViews, EViews 10, we thought we would jot down our own thoughts on the theory and practice of ARDL models, particularly in regard to their use as a cointegration test.

The literature on the causal relationship between biomass energy and economic growth is very sparse when compared with the number of papers on other forms of energy. In recent years, the causal relationship between biomass energy consumption and economic growth was investigated for America by Bildirici (2012, 2013). Feb 10, 2016 · I am new to this forum, I would like to ask you if I can do ARDL approach to cointegration in Eviews. If yes, where can I get instructions or text about …

3 Harris Using Cointegration Analysis in Econometric Modelling, 1995 (Useful applied econometrics textbook focused solely on cointegration) 4 Almost all textbooks cover the introduction to cointegration Jun 01, 2004 · The paper uses a cointegration technique – the bounds testing approach developed within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework – that has not previously been used to estimate tourism demand models.

Demand for money in Hungary An ARDL Approach

Demand for money in Hungary An ARDL Approach. involves the Autoregressive Distributed Lags Model (ARDL) and the Bounds Testing approach Pesaran et al. (2001), which has some advantages over conventional cointegration tests when the time series is stationary (I(0)) and/or integrated of order one (I(1)). The main objective is to present a model for, study employs specific to general approach and finds that uncertainty and instability, democratic regime and economic growth volatility are negatively related to each other. Hasan et al. (2009) find the relation among development of quality of institutions, deepening ….

ARDL Cointegration Research Papers Academia.edu

PANEL COINTEGRATION Williams College. This study tries to identify the main determinants of the trade balance in Ethiopia from 1981-2017 by considering ratio of export and import as an approximation to trade balance.. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag under Bounds test approach to cointegration was used for the estimation., involves the Autoregressive Distributed Lags Model (ARDL) and the Bounds Testing approach Pesaran et al. (2001), which has some advantages over conventional cointegration tests when the time series is stationary (I(0)) and/or integrated of order one (I(1)). The main objective is to present a model for.

The dynamics of stock market returns and macroeconomic indicators: An ARDL approach with cointegration SEBASTIAN HAQ & RASMUS LARSSON Master of Science Thesis Cointegration: The Engle and Granger approach Introduction Generally one would find most of the economic variables to be non-stationary – I(1) variables. Hence, any equilibrium theories that involve these variables require the existence of a combination of the variables to be stationary. Otherwise, any deviation from equilibrium will not be

The literature on the causal relationship between biomass energy and economic growth is very sparse when compared with the number of papers on other forms of energy. In recent years, the causal relationship between biomass energy consumption and economic growth was investigated for America by Bildirici (2012, 2013). determinants of Chinese economic growth. Specifically, the study examines particular policies and variables that contributed to economic growth. Although real Chinese real exports increased by an average annual growth rate of approximately 11 percent from 1978-2014, during the period 2007-2014 they contracted by an average annual rate of 1.5

Demand for money in Hungary: An ARDL Approach Abstract This study examines the demand for money in Hungary using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration framework. The results based on the bounds testing procedure confirm that a stable, long-run relationship exists Table 1 presents summary statistics of the variable-series used in the cointegration analysis undertaken here. It is clear from Table 1 that the variables HEXP, INCOME, AGE, and HRD display an upward trend for the 1960–2012 period under study. All the variable-series show a considerable degree of standard deviation. Furthermore, for all the variable-series, we fail to reject the null

Cointegration: The Engle and Granger approach Introduction Generally one would find most of the economic variables to be non-stationary – I(1) variables. Hence, any equilibrium theories that involve these variables require the existence of a combination of the variables to be stationary. Otherwise, any deviation from equilibrium will not be Apr 03, 2017 · Since we have recently updated ARDL estimation in EViews 9.5, and are in the midst of adding some enhanced features to ARDL for the next version of EViews, EViews 10, we thought we would jot down our own thoughts on the theory and practice of ARDL models, particularly in regard to their use as a cointegration test.

May 16, 2017 · AutoRegressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Estimation. Part 3 - Practice In Part 1 and Part 2 of this series, we discussed the theory behind ARDL and the Bounds Test for cointegration. Here, we demonstrate just how easily everything can be done in EViews 9 or higher. I use an ARDL model in eviews and find that the lag of oil is significant. But Nigeria is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, yet ranked 152 nd out of 188 countries of the world [1]. As such, growth in one sector of the economy does not automatically translate into equal benefits for the populace. This paper therefore provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between inclusive growth and its determinants as studies in this area are limited.

Advanced Time Series Econometrics with Eviews 3. Forecasting, and Volatility Models with EViews a. Detection of Cointegration Engle-Granger Approach (1987) Johansen Approach (1990) Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach (2001) 31 . Granger Causality Granger (1969): first attempt at testing for the direction of causality The literature on the causal relationship between biomass energy and economic growth is very sparse when compared with the number of papers on other forms of energy. In recent years, the causal relationship between biomass energy consumption and economic growth was investigated for America by Bildirici (2012, 2013).

Introduction ARDL model EC representation Bounds testing Postestimation Further topics Summary Example (continued): Sample depends on lag selection. ardl ln_consump ln_inc ln_inv, aic maxlags(8 8 4) ARDL(2,0,4) regression Sample: 1962q1 - 1982q4 Number of obs = 84 F( 8, 75) = 56976.90 Prob > F = 0.0000 R-squared = 0.9998 Adj R-squared = 0.9998 Is it possible to use the ARDL approach? Cointegration Test Part 1.pdf 1.09 MB; 11th Nov, 2014 Ozoemena Nwodo ti is simply possible to use eviews 9 in conducting ARDL bound test on ARDL

This paper investigates the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth in Greece, within a framework that also accounts unemployment rate, using annual data covering the period 1970 to 2017. Several econometric models are applied including the ARDL bound test approach for cointegration as well as ECM-ARDL model for causality. ES30028 – Econometrics 2 1 Lecture 2 – Johansen’s Approach to Cointegration 2.1 Johansen’s Approach to Cointegration Consider two variables, each of which is integrated of order 1: X t ~ I 1 and Y t ~ I 1 Figure 1.1 Now it can be shown that at most there can exist only one cointegrating vector.

Apr 03, 2017 · Since we have recently updated ARDL estimation in EViews 9.5, and are in the midst of adding some enhanced features to ARDL for the next version of EViews, EViews 10, we thought we would jot down our own thoughts on the theory and practice of ARDL models, particularly in regard to their use as a cointegration test. Mar 21, 2015 · ARDL Estimation in EViews 9, featuring bounds testing, cointegrating and long run forms, and automatic lag selection. EViews' handling of ARDL has been slightly changed since this video was made.

knowledge, this approach is a relatively new addition to the literature. (iii) By using the QARDL approach, this study tests the stability of the long-term such as the Johansen cointegration test and the linear ARDL model. This negative outcome could be explained by the existence of quantile-varying cointegration ARDL investment model of Tunisia 59 59 Organization in 1995 and a free trade zone agreement with the European Union in 1998. In addition, the progressive social policy associated with the free market principles have stimulated raise of the standard of living. Real growth, which

Determinants of Chinese Economic Growth and Trade an

ARDL Approach to Cointegration EViews.com. Cite this paper: Lawal Ganiyu Omoniyi , Aweda Nurudeen Olawale , An Application of ARDL Bounds Testing Procedure to the Estimation of Level Relationship between Exchange Rate, Crude Oil Price and Inflation Rate in Nigeria, International Journal of Statistics and Applications, Vol. 5 No. 2, 2015, pp. 81-90. doi: 10.5923/j.statistics.20150502.06., Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique or bound cointegration technique.Hence, this study reviews the issues surrounding the way cointegration techniques are applied, estimated and interpreted within the context of ARDL cointegration framework. The study shows that the adoption of the . 1.

MODELING AND FORECASTING DISPLACEMENTS IN

ARDL Cointegration Research Papers Academia.edu. classical approach, similar technology is used in the production and accumulation of capital. Secondly, human capital is increasing the productivity of both labor and capital. In parallel to this definition, Barro [5] has stated that human capital accumulation is an important part of the development process, and this accumulation is si g- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction_model ARDL Cointegration Test with Stata (Time Series) Pesaran, Shin and Smith (PSS)(2001) developed a new approach to cointegration testing which is applicable irrespective of whether the regressor variables are \(I\left( 0 \right)\),\(I\left( 1 \right)\) or mutually cointegrated..

This paper investigates the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth in Greece, within a framework that also accounts unemployment rate, using annual data covering the period 1970 to 2017. Several econometric models are applied including the ARDL bound test approach for cointegration as well as ECM-ARDL model for causality. Oil Price and inflation in Algeria: A nonlinear ARDL approach Miloud Lacheheb 1, 2 *, Abdalla Sirag 1 1 Department of Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.

N 2 (1995) suggest a panel unit root estimator based on an alternative group mean approach. Based on the relationship between cointegration tests and unit root tests in the conventional single series case, one might be tempted to think that Table 1 presents summary statistics of the variable-series used in the cointegration analysis undertaken here. It is clear from Table 1 that the variables HEXP, INCOME, AGE, and HRD display an upward trend for the 1960–2012 period under study. All the variable-series show a considerable degree of standard deviation. Furthermore, for all the variable-series, we fail to reject the null

Cointegration: The Engle and Granger approach Introduction Generally one would find most of the economic variables to be non-stationary – I(1) variables. Hence, any equilibrium theories that involve these variables require the existence of a combination of the variables to be stationary. Otherwise, any deviation from equilibrium will not be ARDL and bounds test for cointegration Basic practicalities in using Eviews and Stata Suggested research topics 1. AN OVERVIEW OF TIME SERIES ECONOMETRICS In this lecture, we will mainly discuss single equation estimation techniques in a very different way from what you have previously learned in the basic econometrics course.

EViews will then display the ARDL estimation dialog: The Specification tab allows you to specify the variables used in the regression, and whether to let EViews automatically detect the appropriate number of lags for each variable. To begin, enter the name of the dependent variable, EViews will then display the ARDL estimation dialog: The Specification tab allows you to specify the variables used in the regression, and whether to let EViews automatically detect the appropriate number of lags for each variable. To begin, enter the name of the dependent variable,

Advanced Time Series Econometrics with Eviews 3. Forecasting, and Volatility Models with EViews a. Detection of Cointegration Engle-Granger Approach (1987) Johansen Approach (1990) Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach (2001) 31 . Granger Causality Granger (1969): first attempt at testing for the direction of causality Mar 16, 2011 · We use the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration to explore this long-run relationship. Surprisingly, remittances do not appear to be a long-run forcing variable to the explanation of Bangladesh’s output over the same period.

study employs specific to general approach and finds that uncertainty and instability, democratic regime and economic growth volatility are negatively related to each other. Hasan et al. (2009) find the relation among development of quality of institutions, deepening … ARDL investment model of Tunisia 59 59 Organization in 1995 and a free trade zone agreement with the European Union in 1998. In addition, the progressive social policy associated with the free market principles have stimulated raise of the standard of living. Real growth, which

(FDI), trade and economic growth in Tunisia by applying the bounds testing (ARDL) approach to cointegration for the period from 1970 to 2008. The bounds tests suggest that the variables of interest are bound together in the long-run when foreign direct investment is the dependent variable. determinants of Chinese economic growth. Specifically, the study examines particular policies and variables that contributed to economic growth. Although real Chinese real exports increased by an average annual growth rate of approximately 11 percent from 1978-2014, during the period 2007-2014 they contracted by an average annual rate of 1.5

ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. Their resultsshowed that financial liberalization has contributed to improve the performance of agriculturesector in long-and-short runs. A rise in interest rate declines growth of agriculture by increasingthe cost of production. Capital and labor force also play their role to enhance the efficiency Jul 06, 2012 · Hi, I am new to this forum, I would like to ask you if I can do ARDL approach to cointegration in Eviews. If yes, where can I get instructions or text about how to …

determinants of Chinese economic growth. Specifically, the study examines particular policies and variables that contributed to economic growth. Although real Chinese real exports increased by an average annual growth rate of approximately 11 percent from 1978-2014, during the period 2007-2014 they contracted by an average annual rate of 1.5 This study tries to identify the main determinants of the trade balance in Ethiopia from 1981-2017 by considering ratio of export and import as an approximation to trade balance.. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag under Bounds test approach to cointegration was used for the estimation.

cointegration approaches. This study used recent and advanced approach to test whether long run relationship between the variables exists or not by applying autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) bounds testing approach developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) because of its numerous advantages. Oil Price and inflation in Algeria: A nonlinear ARDL approach Miloud Lacheheb 1, 2 *, Abdalla Sirag 1 1 Department of Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.

(FDI), trade and economic growth in Tunisia by applying the bounds testing (ARDL) approach to cointegration for the period from 1970 to 2008. The bounds tests suggest that the variables of interest are bound together in the long-run when foreign direct investment is the dependent variable. study employs specific to general approach and finds that uncertainty and instability, democratic regime and economic growth volatility are negatively related to each other. Hasan et al. (2009) find the relation among development of quality of institutions, deepening …